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Capital Punishment Christianity And Judaism - 1318 Words

Religion plays a big role in some people s lives and can influence their opinion on capital punishment. In the U.S. the two largest religions are Christianity and Judaism, within both of those religions some people are for capital punishment and some are against capital punishment. Several christian groups in the late 1970s formalized their religious and moral reasons against the imposition of the death penalty. â€Å"Among them was, capital punishment: violated the command by Jesus to employ the ethic of love, perpetuated the evil of retaliation, ignored the guilt that the society may have had in the causation of the crime, and prevented the possibility of any kind of rehabilitation of the criminal† (Flamehorse). Some practicing Jewish†¦show more content†¦The system works that the criminal does the crime, the criminal gets caught, tried and convicted, and it is understood that the punishment will be severe. The person the criminal has killed no longer has a part to play in this. Unfortunately the murderer has deprived their family and friends of a loved one. Their grief begins with the murder. â€Å"It may not end with the murderer’s execution, but the execution does engender a feeling of relief at no longer having to think about the ordeal- a feeling which often fails to arise while the murder still lives on† (The Facts). the system in place currently is there for the purpose of granting justice, cannot do so for the surviving victims, unless the murderer himself is put to death (The Facts). For some criminals the death penalty is the only thing they fear. A great example of this is Ted Bundy. Bundy was born November 24th, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont. In the 1970s, he raped and murdered young women in several states. He was connected to at least 36 murders, but some though he had committed 100 or more. He has since been executed in Florida’s electric chair in 1989 (Ted Bundy). Leading up to the execute Bundy waited nine years in prison for his execution. They say that Bundy exhausted every single legal point he and his lawyers could think of, all in an attempt to spare his execution. He â€Å"defended† himself in prision interviews by blaming porography for causing his uncontrollableShow MoreRelatedThe Sanctity Of Life And Capital Punishment2018 Words   |  9 Pagesseek to identify if the sanctity of life and capital punishment are compatible within the context of society, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. This paper will shed light on the perspective of t he sanctity of life of those who practice Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Each faith agree on some respects of the sanctity of life but differ in their approach to capital punishment. Sanctity of Life from the perspective of Judaism, Christianity Islam Judaism The Jewish perspective on human life is foundedRead MoreChristianity : Christian Or Pagan?1264 Words   |  6 PagesChristian or Pagan? What if Paul had not converted to Christianity? Paul is the reason why we have Christianity today. On his trail to becoming Christian, he faced a lot of challenges one being thrown into prison, but it did not stop him from perusing what he believed in. So if Paul had never converted to Christianity, it would not have spread to the Roman Empire, and it would have never been legalized, therefore it would not be a common religion today. Saint Paul was born in 2 AD in Tarsus,Read MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified And Ethical1190 Words   |  5 Pagesthese polls and reconsider if the death penalty is justified and ethical. In one year, the percentage of people in support of executions dropped 10%, and that is not something to be ignored. More people are beginning to realize the dangers of capital punishment, but the risk of the procedure going wrong isn’t the only concern. The death penalty is ineffective at reducing crime rate, and it conflicts with the moral values of many people. Not to mention it comes at a high cost for the taxpayers. It doesRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 PagesOutline I. Religious Views a. Hinduism b. Jainism c. Buddhism d. Judaism and Christianity e. Islam II. Who a. Countries b. States c. Juveniles III. What Ways IV. Why, Laws Broken a. Laws about it b. Cost c. Wrongful accusation V. Increased Murder Rate VI. Conclusion Did you know, that according to a study at North Carolina State, a murder case cost 2.16 million dollars more with a death penalty then with a sentence of life imprisonment? It s true! It is estimated that theRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pagessentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced by most societies in the past, as a punishment for criminals, and political or religious dissidents. Despite the fact that many countries have negated the death penalty, over 60% of theRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty2061 Words   |  9 PagesCapital punishment is an issue that has been continuously debated for the past few decades and will keep on being discussed and argued about for a long time to come. Capital punishment is the act of executing somebody as punishment for committing a particular felony and crime after being served a lawful legal trial. Executions can only be utilized by a state, and if used by non-state organizations it is considered as committing a murder. Capital punishment, which is also known as the death penaltyRead MorePlanning For A Correctional Agency989 Words   |  4 Pagesissues worldwide. Most people are in favor or against it. The history from capital punishment starts back to colonial time’s .During the colonial times more than 15,000 people have been executed in the United States. The Capital punishment was first introduce early as biblical times for absolute assurance that a criminal s life would end. The followers of Christianity and Judaism claimed to find justification for capital punishment in the Bible. According to the facts, in 1608, the first execution inRead MoreDeath to the Death Penalty1025 Words   |  5 Pages(Source 1). The death penalty or capital punishment is a legal process in which a person is executed as a punishment for committing a crime. It is still used in over 50 nations worldwide. Centuries before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights existed, important civilizations such as the Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman Empires used death to punish criminals for their actions. It was such an important issue that even religions took a stand on whether the punishment should or should not be used, andRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences of Christianity Versus Judaism2201 Words   |  9 PagesDifferences of Christianity versus Judaism Christianity and Judaism have many similarities and differences within their religions. Traditions play various roles and integrate through their beliefs, values, cultures, and making political decisions. Christianity and Judaism have changed historically throughout time. Judaism and Christianity rely on the basic standard of obeying God, an adherence to his rules and intentions and their faithful fulfillment. Judaism and Christianity are both monotheiticRead MoreReligions Justice was Introduced with the Abrahamic Monotheistic Religions2878 Words   |  12 PagesPrior to the establishment of the Abrahamic monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) religious justice was a muddled picture. In the polytheistic religions, gods each had their own interests, which often conflicted with the interests of other gods. â€Å"The belief in one god allowed the Abrahamic religions setup a fundamentally different dynamic in ethics; the dichotomous distinction between right and wrong.† (Stark, 2001). Human actions no longer served one god or another’s interests

Protecting the Human Race Essay Example For Students

Protecting the Human Race Essay Soccer changed my attitude but this essay is beyond soccer. As a defender, my main objective is to prevent goals. Every time I let a goal pass by, the guilt and regret helped me grow as a better defender. This protector instinct changed the selfish boy who took the last Gatorade after the long game of soccer to a first line up who is willing to sacrifice his playing time for a potential player who needs more experience. One day, my coach asked me, â€Å"Junwoo, as a coach, I wanted to turn you guys into responsible men. What do you want to be? † This answer was easy. â€Å"I want to be a defender†. My coach replied, â€Å"for sports scholarship? † I replied, â€Å"Soccer taught me team chemistry, but now I want to study pharmaceutical chemistry and be a protector of the human race. † Many epidemics killed many innocent lives. At first, people were helpless, suffering from the odd pain. Epidemic such as Smallpox, Polio, and Cholera all took away many lives, but fortunately through research cures and vaccines were invented to help combat contagious diseases. Polio for example caused much death, but even the survivors have to suffer from permanent disability. Dr. Jonas Sulk and Dr. Francis Thomas Jr. are the heroes that created the vaccine for polio and saved many lives. When a disease breaks out I want to be like these two men who can minimize the damage for the future generations. There are also other diseases and epidemics that took lives and yet to be cured. Disease such as HIV, SARS, and Ebola are all diseases without an effective cure. HIV can be prevented from effective use of protection, but there are other diseases that are airborne or transmitted through polluted water. However, waterborne and airborne disease can spread exponentially especially where the environment is not hygienic as seen in many developing countries. By researching such disease and looking for the common genes that allow air or water transmission, I can not only increase my knowledge in epidemics but also find chemicals or drugs that can prevent such disease from spreading via uncontrollable medium. The world has become a smaller place. Even at airports, the customs are wary about passengers that came from the outbreak origin. Regardless of being infected or not, many innocent passengers are quarantined for these reasons. This is a conflict between national security and human rights, therefore it is a forced compromise that is controversial. However, with research I believe there will be alternatives to prevent airborne or waterborne disease from spreading with more efficacy than a simple CDC instruction of proper hand washing. Some say that my choice of major goes against my protector instinct. I am not ignorant. I know that pharmaceutical companies are now Empires. There are many ethical questions revolving this industry. Some say that Adderall is important for ADD, some say it has become a problem due to abuse. There are pain killers that truly help someone, yet the societal abuse of pain killers also gave birth to substitute opiates which are also controversial. However, these ethical questions do not affect me since my goal is to prepare for the potential outbreak of new disease. This summer Ebola stole many lives in Western Africa. The Walking Dead despite its fictional scenario could possibly break out without a warning. By studying medicine and disease with a degree related to medicinal chemistry, I will research, prepare, and standby under any circumstance like the pilot of Air Force One. I admit I am not the best soccer player, but I will minimize the damage while blocking the attack from the disease. Who knows maybe during research I might accidentally find a revolutionary cure like Penicillin or help find men’s lost confidence like Viagra.

Freuds Seduction Theory Essay Example For Students

Freuds Seduction Theory Essay Freuds Seduction TheoryFreuds Seduction TheoryDuring 1895-1896 Sigmund Freud practiced psychoanalysis by listening to his women patients weave cryptic trails down memory lane, as well as trying to decipher them. What he uncovered was that something awful and violent lay in their past. The majority of psychiatrists in this era would have deemed their patient as a hysterical liar, dismissing their memories as fantasy. Freud strayed from the norm in the sense that he believed that these women were telling the truth. Illness did not befall these women due to their ?tainted families? , but because of the atrocities they faced as children. During April of 1896 Freud scraped all the theories, case histories and experience from the depths of his consciousness and manipulated it into written form. The presentation of his ideas met with silence from his colleagues. Despite the predictions of a tarnished reputation, Freud published his newfound theories in The Aetiology of Hysteria. Its title refers to Freuds theory that the basis of all neurosis stemmed from what Freud called ?infantile sex scenes?. This namely became to be known as the ?seduction theory?, the belief that these early childhood experiences were real, not fantasy created out of hysteria, and they had long lasting effects on the adult lives of those who suffered through them. The repercussions of his ideas, both innovative and perverse, earned Freud a seat in seclusion. But as the story goes, Freud eventually came to his senses about the seduction theory and gave up his aberration by publicly retracting his study. The accepted notion is that he literally had to banish the theory from his consciousness in order to move on to his more accepted work. Joined by other physicians, over a three year span, Psychoanalysis earned respect as a therapy and science. How does an innovative idea , supported by spirit and experience , come to be a belief , and then a regret ?And in the answer, lie my intentions and hopes for this paper. I seek to prove that Freud was intrigued by cases involving child abuse, incest as well as other sexually related cases. Upon turning the last page of this paper, the reader will understand that Freud did not develop the seduction theory overnight. Moreover, a gradual impact of his studies and surroundings eventually seeped through his sk ull and saturated the innermost cortexes of his brain, leaving his thoughts forever changed. Freud in Paris: The beginning of an obsession?Twenty-nine year old Freud ventured on a studious trip to Paris to wrap up his medical education while working under Frances leading neurologist, Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893) at the renowned Salpetriere hospital. Freuds stay in Paris lasted from October 3, 1885 to February 28, 1896. During which, according to Jeffrey Masson, ?Freud was exposed to literature attesting to the reality and indeed the frequency of sexual abuse in early childhood (often occurring within the family); furthermore, in all probability witnessed autopsies at the Paris morgue performed on the young victims of such abuse? (15). Freud has also made insinuations towards his studies in Paris have had a tremendous impact on his later works. Freuds mentor, Jean Charcot, in collaboration with Valentin Magnan, a well known French psychiatrist-produced an article in 1882 entitled ?The Inversion of the Genital Sense and other Sexual Perversions?. The article stresses that m adness being taken into account as a factor in sexual accounts. Charcot is also said to have worked with Paul Brouardel on the study of rape in small children by adults. Their work, Les attentets aux moeurs, the last in his series, Cours de medicine legale de la Faculte de Paris, focused on the rapist, instead of the victim. (Masson, 34). The book contains several case histories, all full of horror. Brouardel also conducted autopsies at the Paris morgue. Freud has written several letters expressing his enthusiasm for Brouardels work. Through examination of the following excerpt one is assured of Freuds participation in the autopsies. Freud writes: I abandoned my occasional attempts at attending other lectures after Ihave become convinced that all they had to offer were for the most part well constructed rhetorical performances. The only exceptions were ProfessorBrouardels forensic autopsies and lectures at the morgue, which I rarelymissed. -(Studies in Paris,1886)There were several other men writing in regards to sexual/child abuse, which Freud was familiar with , according to Masson (38). Freud was surrounded by the theoretical debate between Ambrose Tardieu and Alfred Fornier. Tardieu argued that these sexual traumas were all but too real, while Fournier argued that they were fantasies. Both shared the perspective that either way ? fantasy or fake, neither had lasting psychological effects. When Freud joined the debate, he joined on Tardieus side. But over the years adapted to Fourniers side, with the difference that he believed that fantasies themselves had pathogenic psychological consequences.(Masson, 58) It is obvious that Freuds time spent in Paris had a great effect on his thoughts, as well as his later work. Freud writes to Martha Bernays in regards to Paris, ?Whether the seed will one day bring forth fruit, I do not know.? Also, Freud named his first born son, Jean Martin, in Charcots honor.(Gay, Reading, p57 ) . Freud found himself submerged in a world fascinated by child abuse, both physical and sexual. The French pioneered in the realization that these horrid occurrences were real. Unfortunately, they did little other than uncover these truths. The toll that this environment took on Freud unleashed his unbridled curiosity in regards not only to the physical and sexual acts themselves, but also the deep rooted, psychological strings attached to these ?scenes?. Seems as if Freud was swimming in a murky sea of insect, molestation and rape. It was inevitable that he would swallow some of it. The Aeitiology of Hysteria: Frueds ticket to isolationFreshly returned from Paris , Freud began organizing his theories with his colleague, Josif Breur. He focused on the sexual abuse , over the physical abuse cases hed become so familiar with overseas . Freud began his writings by using a variety of words to describe these acts of violence: rape, abuse, seduction, attack, assault, aggression and trau mas. Though, in later writings, Freud limited his adjectives mainly to ?seduction? . Masson feels that the word ?seduction? was a poor choice, seeing it implied some form of participation by the child. He assures us that there is no ambiguity in regards to what Freud meant by a seduction: a real sexual act forced on a young child who in no way desires or encourages it (5). This is where the euphemism, The Seduction Theory, stemmed from. The Society for Psychiatry and Neurology in Vienna hosted a lecture, The Aetiology of Hysteria (Studies of Hysteria), by Freud on the evening of April 21, 1896. Freud felt that by announcing his newfound theories that he would become ?one of those who had disturbed the sleep of the world.? (S.E., 3,p.199). The main focus of this paper pinpoints the origins of hysteria/neurosis in sexual traumas dealt with during childhood. Through a thorough dissection of The Aetiology of Hysteria the reader realizes that the article can be dichotomized into two part s. The first dealing with techniques for recovering repressed memories ,symbolism in the unconscious, as well as the significance of these memories. The second part focused on Freuds connection between hysteria and sexual abuse directed towards a child, The Seduction Theory. Freud felt that repressed memories worked in a chain link , each one connected. If through probing, he uncovered a memory of vague significance, he would probe further and usually find a correlation betwixt the two memories . Hysteria, Freud affirmed, is the result of a ?presexual sexual shock,? while ?obsessional neurosis is the consequence of presexual sexual pleasure.? (Anzieu,1975/1986, p.161) Freud has eighteen cases supporting his theories . Six men, twelve women ,all with hysterical symptoms and ,or obsession symptoms , led Freud on a journey through their unconsciously stored chains of repressed memories back to shocking sexual scenes in childhood. Huck Finn and Catcher in the Rye EssayFreud had redirected his thoughts from the aggression that parents direct towards their children , to the aggression that children aim towards their parents. Freud wrote in Origins, p 207 : ? hostile impulses against parents ( a wish that they should die)are also an integral part of neuroses.?One of the first public commentaries regarding Freuds attempt to recover from the Seduction Theories was a quote included in Leopold Lowenfelds book, Psychic Obsessions . Lowenfeld was one of the few psychiatrists that took Freuds views on the seduction theory seriously, granting recognition to Freuds contradictory new ideas . At the present time Freud summarizes the essence of his theory in the following two sentences: a) Psychic obsessions always originate in repression. b) Repressed impulses and ideas from which the resulting obsession arises stem quite generally from the sexual life. (p. 297 ) This statement summarizes Freuds views circa 1902. By comparison to his 1896 papers , his shift of thought is apparent. Earlier he had stated that the experience of puberty itself was harmful, because it stirred up unconscious memories of early traumatic events . The adolescent experiences were unconsciously repressed ( or even consciously repressed) because they were reminiscent of earlier, more painful memories. Freud is now saying that the early childhood traumas tend to be fantasies , created as a defense against fully experiencing adolescence . No longer is repression an issue, sexual constitution is the only explanation. The ?neurotic? adolescent does not want to acknowledge her own sexual desires, in order to cover them up , she invents sexual tales from her childhood. In 1905 Freud wrote a short piece entitled, ?My Views on the Part Played by Sexuality in the Aetiology of Neuroses? (S.E., 7,pp.270-279), in which he writes:At that time my material was still scanty, and it happened by chance to include a disproportionately large number of cases in which sexual seduction by an adult or older children played the chief part in the history of the patientschildhood. I thus overestimated the frequency of such events ( though in other respects they were not open to doubt) . Moreover, I was at that periodunable to distinguish with certainty between falsifications made by hystericsin their memories of childhood and traces of real events (p. 274)There are several other articles that when chronologically arranged depict the road Freud traveled from isolation to redemption. Never letting go of the underlying sexual theme to his theories , Freud rerouted his ideas to accommodate his colleagues. His later deals is laced with sexuality, yet no favorable mention of sexual childhood traumas. All his thought , hard work and effort had proved to be of no avail. Whether or not he still possessed a spark of hope for his seduction theories, is unsure . It is certain that if he had any lingering thoughts , they were sure to uncover repressed memories of his isolation , which would in turn keep him from publicize them. The impact of Freuds seduction theory is apparent. His ideas caused uproar amongst the medical society. It was only when he eventually concurred that he was viewed as the pioneer that he portrays today. Common knowledge states that Freuds abolishment of the seduction theory opened numerous doors inside his mind, unleashed his true brilliance, or at least what is accepted as brilliant. In a letter to Jeffrey Masson, Anna Freud wrote (September 10 , 1981) :Keeping up the seduction theory would mean to abandon the Oedipus complex, and with it the whole importance of phantasy life, conscious, or unconsciousphantasy. In fact, I think there would be no psychoanalysis afterwards. -(Masson, 113) ConclusionThrough writing this paper I cleared up some of the ambiguities regarding Freuds theory intertwining childhood sexual abuse and adult neurosis. I now have a visual image of the long and winding road that this theory traveled, stirring up commotion across countries, evoking enough criticism to deplete its stamina. In all obviousness, one can witness the snowball effect applied to this situation. What started with an interest , grew into an idea . Integrating this theory into his practice, fueled the fire beneath this idea . The heat caused combustion, transforming this idea into a belief, one that Freud apparently felt important enough to risk his reputation . Eventually the negativity directed towards Freuds belief was enough to diminish his confidence, the spine of every mans conviction. Whether or not his retraction was caused by the isolation he persevered, or because of a sincere change of heart, only Freud himself could say. Sigmund Freud was a pioneer o f psychoanalysis, the first and last of his kind. Taking a wrong turn was inevitable, turning around was more important. Like trying to find a light switch in the dark, he had to feel his way around. BibliographyWorks Cited? Masson, Jeffrey M. The Assault on Truth Frueds Suppression of the Seduction Theory . NY: HarperPerennial, 1992. ? Gay, Peter, Reading Freud . ? Anzieu , D. Frueds Self-analysis . New York: International UP, 1986? Davis, Doug. Web site( A Theory for the 90s) . October 1997 http://www.havenford.edu/psych/ddavis/freud90s.num. ? Schur, Max. Freud : Living and Dying. New York : International UP , 1972? Stafford-Clark, David. What Freud Really Said. New York: Schocken Books: 1965,1997? Minutes of Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Edited by H. Nunberg and E. Federn; New York : International UP ,1962-1975? Lowenfeld, Leopold. Die psychischen Zwangerserscheinugen (Psychic Obsessions ). Wiesbaden, Germany: J.F. Bergman, 1904? Freud, Sigmund. My Views on the Part Played by Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neuroses. S.E 7, p. 270- 279? Freud, Sigmund, (Report on My Studies in Paris and Berlin Carried Out with the Assistance of a Travelling Bursary Granted from the University Jubilee Fund, October,1885- End of March ,1886 ), S.E. 1,pp. 3-8Abbreviations? Origins, Sigmund Freud, The Origins of Psychoanalysis: Letters to Wilhem Fleiss, Drafts and Notes: 1887- 1902, edited by Marie Bonaparte, Anna Freud, Ernest Kris, and James Strachey . New York: Basic Books, 1954? S.E. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, in collaboration with Anna Freud ( 24 vols.) London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953-1974Psychology Essays